Political terminologies and their meaning

Political terminologies and their meaning

Basic definitions of socio-political terms are usually asked in TISSNET GK section. Let’s see aal the basic terms and understand the meaning to ace TISSNET EXAM.

Totalism, totalitarianism, absolutism – the principle of complete and unrestricted power in government

anarchism – a political theory favoring the abolition of governments

Autocracy – a political theory favoring unlimited authority by a single individual

centrism, moderatism – a political philosophy of avoiding the extremes of left and right by taking a moderate position or course of action

collectivism – a political theory that the people should own the means of production

Communism – a political theory favoring collectivism in a classless society

Conservatism, conservativism – a political or theological orientation advocating the preservation of the best in society and opposing radical changes

Segregationism – a political orientation favoring political or racial segregation

constitutionalism – advocacy of a system of government according to constitutional principles

democracy – the political orientation of those who favor government by the people or by their elected representatives

social democracy – the belief in a gradual transition from capitalism to socialism by democratic means

Domino theory – the political theory that if one nation comes under communist control then neighboring nations will also come under communist control

Elitism – the attitude that society should be governed by an elite group of individuals

extremism – any political theory favoring immoderate uncompromising policies

Fascism – a political theory advocating an authoritarian hierarchical government (as opposed to democracy or liberalism)

Federalism – the idea of a federal organization of more or less self-governing units

imperialism – a political orientation that advocates imperial interests

Leftism – the ideology of the political left; belief in or support of the tenets of the political left

liberalism – a political orientation that favors social progress by reform and by changing laws rather than by revolution

Meritocracy – the belief that rulers should be chosen for their superior abilities and not because of their wealth or birth

libertarianism – an ideological belief in freedom of thought and speech

monarchism – a belief in and advocacy of monarchy as a political system

Negritude – an ideological position that holds Black culture to be independent and valid on its own terms; an affirmation of the African cultural heritage

Radicalism – the political orientation of those who favor revolutionary change in government and society

Socialism – a political theory advocating state ownership of industry

Theocracy – the belief in government by divine guidance

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Governance and Public Policy Programmes

Utopianism – the political orientation of a Utopian who believes in impossibly idealistic schemes of social perfection

Dovishness – any political orientation favoring compromise to avoid conflict

Hawkishness – any political orientation favoring aggressive policies

Anarchism A stateless society that allows total individual freedom

Aristocracy A form of government in which a minority rules under the law.

Authoritarianism A system of government in which leaders are not subjected to the test of free elections.

bureaucracy A type of administration characterized by specialization, professionalism, and security of tenure.

communism A political ideology characterized by a belief in eliminating exploitation through public ownership and central planning of the economy.

Conservationism The attempt to manage natural resources in order to maximize benefits over a long period of time.

conservatism A political ideology generally characterized by a belief in individualism and minimal government intervention in the economy and society; also a belief in the virtue of the status quo and general acceptance of traditional morality.

Elite A small group of people with a disproportionate amount of public decision-making power.

Free riders Those who enjoy a collective good without helping to pay for it.

Magna Carta (Great Charter) A document signed by King John in 1215, conceding that the king is subject to law.

Monarchy Form of government in which a single person rules under the law.

Oligarchy A form of government in which a minority rules outside the law. ombudsman. An official with the power to investigate complaints against government administration.

Patriarchy The domination of society by men.

plebiscite Another term for an advisory referendum.

pluralism The open competition of political interests.

privatization The sale of government-owned assets or activities to the private sector.

realism A theory of international relations holding that struggles are resolved on the basis of power of conflicting parties.

socialism A leftist political ideology that emphasizes the principle of equality and usually prescribes a large role for government to intervene in society and the economy via taxation, regulation, redistribution, and public ownership.

statute A specific piece of legislation.

structuralism A theory of international relations stressing the impact of world economic structures on the political, social, cultural and economic life of countries.

welfare state The provision for redistributive benefits such as education and health services by the state.

Zionism Jewish nationalist movement advocating establishment of a Jewish nation-state.

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TISSNET 2024 GK COURSE

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This course containes complete TISSNET preparation material. It also includes 10 Full-length Mocks of TISSNET.

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M.A. in Applied Psychology (Clinical and Counselling Practice)

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Master of Arts (Sociology and Social Anthropology)

Master of Arts (Sociology and Social Anthropology)

₹2,999

Master of Arts (Peace and Conflict Studies)

₹2,999

Governance and Public Policy Programmes

₹2,999

School of Management and Labour Studies

₹4,999
live-online-classes-TISSNET

OPI & Extempore (Socio-Economic Issues)

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